The Islamic Revolution in Iran, which culminated in 1979, resulted in the overthrow of the Pahlavi monarchy and the subsequent establishment of an Islamic republic. This transformative event was driven by a broad coalition of opposition forces, reflecting deep-seated dissatisfaction with the existing political order.

Following the collapse of the monarchy, the new state placed Shi‘i Islamic leadership at the centre of its governance. This shift fundamentally altered the internal structure of the country and had profound, long-lasting consequences for both regional and global politics.

Key aspects of this period include:

• The dismantling of the Pahlavi dynasty's rule.
• The formation of a diverse coalition of revolutionary groups.
• The formal transition to an Islamic republic.
• The centralisation of authority under Shi‘i clerical leadership.
• Significant shifts in international diplomatic relations.